Improvement in incubators



@Sheets-Sheet 1. J. L. CAMPBELL. Incubator.

|\10..221,214.v vPatented Nov. 4,1879.

lll (E N.PEYERS, PMoTo-IJTHDGRAFHER. WASHINGTON, D, C.

' J. L. CAMPBELL.

y Incubator. No. 221,214. Pafented-Nov.-4.1s 79.

DIH 2 WWW NTTED STATES PATET JAMES L. CAMPBELL, OF WEST ELIZABETH, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN INCUBATORS.

Specilication forming part of Letters Patent N o. 221,214, dated November 4, 1379; application tiled August 12, 1879.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JAS. LOGAN CAMP- BELL, of West Elizabeth, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Incubators; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact ldescription ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form vpart of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in incubators; and it consists in, first, a box that is divided into compartments, and provided at the corners with outlets for the warm air, so asto direct the air up into the corners; second, a box in which a partial vacuum has been formed, as a means of regulating the heat for hatching; third, the arrangement of strips on wires, for the purpose of turning the eggs in the trays; fourth, a clockmechanism for moving the eggs every twelve hours, all of which will be more fully described hereinafter.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the box in which the air is heated. Fig. 4 is a front view of the mechanism for moving the trays. Fig.

, 5 is an elevation of one side ofthe frame; Figs.

6, 7, 8 are details of the mechanism.

a represents a suitable frame or case, which may be of any desired size or construction. Secured to the under side of this frame is a sheet-iron chamber, b, with an open bottom, just under which the lamp is placed. This lamp is so supported that its body remains below the chamber, and hence never becomes sufficiently hot to be in danger of an exploslon.

The top of the chamber is formed by a sheetiron plate, the full size of the box, with a round hole in the center for the entrance of the top of the lamp-chimney, and one inch above this is placed a secOndplate, against which the heat from the lamp strikes, and the heat from this plate c is communicated to the flat sheetiron box el, placed on top of it. This box d is divided by the partitions e into four parts, as shown, and from each of the subdivisions thus 4formed in the box by means of'parttions there extends a short pipe, f.

`Each subdivision is supplied with air from the outside of the frame by means of a suita ble pipe, and as soon as this air becomes heated it at once passes out at the corner through the pipe f'. These pipes j' are located at the corners, so that the -hot air will be made to pass out at those parts, an d thus equally heatevery part of the box at once. When these tubes are not used the corners of the box are always colder than any other part, and hence the hot air does not rise equally around all the eggs, and, as a consequence, the eggs in the corners of the trays do not hatch.

Ilaced inside of the frame o, on the top of the subdivided box d, is a wooden frame, g, which has a sheetametal bottom, and in this frame g, and resting on the sheet-metal bottom, is a box, h, which is made of any suitable material. This box has a small hole made in it, and then it is heated up to a certain temperature, so as to expel a portion of. the air, and then the hole is closed up. A partial vacuum having been formed in the box, the. top of the box, which is very thin, becomes very sensitive to heat and cold, and rises and falls at the very slightest change in temperature.

Placed upon a pivot, at a suitable distance above the top of this box h, is the curved lever i, the lower end of which bears upon the top of the box, while to the upper end is fastened the connectin g-rodj, which extends out through the frame, as shown in Fig. l, and has its end fastened to the pivoted rod 7c, which is connected to an arm, 7c', which projects out from the valve l.

When the temperature falls or rises in the frame a the box-cover at once rises or falls, and in so doing moves the lever t' so as to open 4or close the valve to a correspondingdegree,

and thus admit air to or shut it off from the lamp.

So sensitive is the box h that'the change of a single degree in the temperature at once affects the valve. Y

As here shown, this valve-controllingmechanism is made in its simplest form; but-should it be desired to makeit still more sensitive there will be another lever on another pivot heating the air in the frame, substantially as specified. i

5. In en incubator, the combination of a olook mechanism with the rods s y', arms w t n, @am w, rod 7, having the shoulder 8, alarmdiel, wheel z, crunk s, and rods r q', whereby the eggs are moved in the trays at regular intervals, substantially as set forth.

6. In an incubator, the combination of the stationary trays n, the wires o, and the strips JAMES L. CAMPBELL.

Witnesses:

F. A. LEHMANN, A. W. GRAY. 

